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[8] [9] [10] Kathleen Booth developed Assembly Language in 1950 to make it easier to program the computers she worked on at Birkbeck College. [11] Grace Hopper and UNIVAC. Grace Hopper worked as one of the first programmers of the Harvard Mark I. [12] She later created a 500-page manual for the computer. [13]
The first programmers of ENIAC were Kay McNulty, Betty Jennings, Betty Snyder, Marlyn Meltzer, Fran Bilas, and Ruth Lichterman. none (unique language) 1946 ENIAC Short Code: Richard Clippinger and John von Neumann after Alan Turing: none (unique language) 1947–52 ARC/Birkbeck Assembler: Kathleen Booth: ENIAC Short Code [1] 1948
The first high-level language to have an associated compiler was created by Corrado Böhm in 1951, for his PhD thesis. [3] The first commercially available language was FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation), developed in 1956 (first manual appeared in 1956, but first developed in 1954) by a team led by John Backus at IBM.
Axcelis, Inc. releases Evolver, the first software package to commercialize the use of genetic algorithms on personal computers. [38] 1992: Achievement: Machines Playing Backgammon: Gerald Tesauro develops TD-Gammon, a computer backgammon program that uses an artificial neural network trained using temporal-difference learning (hence the 'TD ...
Arthur Samuel wrote the first game-playing program, for checkers , to achieve sufficient skill to challenge a respectable amateur. [57] His first checkers-playing program was written in 1952, and in 1955 he created a version that learned to play. [58] [59] 1956
Glenn A. Beck (background) and Betty Snyder (foreground) program ENIAC in BRL building 328. (U.S. Army photo, c. 1947–1955) ENIAC (/ ˈ ɛ n i æ k /; Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) [1] [2] was the first programmable, electronic, general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945.
Michael A. Jackson (born 1936) software engineering methodologist responsible for JSP method of program design; JSD method of system development (with John Cameron); and Problem Frames approach for analysing and structuring software development problems. Richard Stallman, created the GNU system utilities and championed free software.
The program was a sensational demonstration of the advances in both hardware and skilled programming and caused IBM's stock to increase 15 points overnight. His pioneering non-numerical programming helped shape the instruction set of processors, as he was one of the first to work with computers on projects other than computation. [ 2 ]