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The simplest liquid crystal phase is the nematic. In a nematic phase, calamitic organic molecules lack a crystalline positional order, but do self-align with their long axes roughly parallel. The molecules are free to flow and their center of mass positions are randomly distributed as in a liquid, but their orientation is constrained to form a ...
Cholesteric liquid crystals (ChLCs), also known as chiral nematic liquid crystals, ... Polarized light microscopy is widely used in studies of liquid crystals. [34]
Another potential approach was the twisted-nematic approach, which had first been noticed by French physicist Charles-Victor Mauguin in 1911. Mauguin was experimenting with a variety of semi-solid liquid crystals when he noted that he could align the crystals by pulling a piece of paper across them, causing the crystals to become polarized.
Photoalignment is a technique for orienting liquid crystals to desired alignment by exposure to polarized light and a photo reactive alignment chemical. [1] It is usually performed by exposing the alignment chemical ('command surface') to polarized light with desired orientation which then aligns the liquid crystal cells or domains to the exposed orientation.
Reflective twisted-nematic liquid-crystal display. Light reflected by the surface (6) (or coming from a backlight) is horizontally polarized (5) and passes through the liquid-crystal modulator (3) sandwiched in between transparent layers (2, 4) containing electrodes. Horizontally polarized light is blocked by the vertically oriented polarizer ...
twisted nematic field-effect, [2] TN supertwisted nematic effects, STN, the total twist is > 90° SBE (supertwisted birefringence effect) [3] DSTN: double layer STN effect FSTN: foil-compensated supertwisted nematic effect (foil = retarder sheet) in-plane switching effects, IPS [4] fringe-field switching effect, FFS vertically aligned effects ...
4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl is a commonly used nematic liquid crystal with the chemical formula C 18 H 19 N. It frequently goes by the common name 5CB. 5CB was first synthesized by George William Gray, Ken Harrison, and J.A. Nash at the University of Hull in 1972 and at the time it was the first member of the cyanobiphenyls.
In optics, a nematicon is a spatial soliton in nematic liquid crystals (NLC). The name was invented in 2003 by G. Assanto. [1] and used thereafter [2] [3] Nematicons are generated by a special type of optical nonlinearity present in NLC: the light induced reorientation of the molecular director (i.e. the average molecular orientation).