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Capacitive loads are leading (current leads voltage), and inductive loads are lagging (current lags voltage). If a purely resistive load is connected to a power supply, current and voltage will change polarity in step, the power factor will be 1, and the electrical energy flows in a single direction across the network in each cycle.
Angle notation can easily describe leading and lagging current: . [1] In this equation, the value of theta is the important factor for leading and lagging current. As mentioned in the introduction above, leading or lagging current represents a time shift between the current and voltage sine curves, which is represented by the angle by which the curve is ahead or behind of where it would be ...
In electrical circuits, reactance is the opposition presented to alternating current by inductance and capacitance. [1] Along with resistance, it is one of two elements of impedance; however, while both elements involve transfer of electrical energy, no dissipation of electrical energy as heat occurs in reactance; instead, the reactance stores energy until a quarter-cycle later when the energy ...
An inductive load includes inductive (lagging power factor) loads. An inductive load consists of an iron-core reactive element which, when used in conjunction with a resistive load bank, creates a lagging power factor load. Typically, the inductive load will be rated at a numeric value 75% that of the corresponding resistive load such that when ...
An electrical load is an electrical component or portion of a circuit that consumes (active) electric power, [1] [2] ... capacitive, and inductive elements.
When a transformer, electric motor, electromagnet, or other inductive load is switched off, the inductor increases the voltage across the switch or breaker and cause extended arcing. When a transformer is switched off on its primary side, inductive kick produces a voltage spike on the secondary that can damage insulation and connected loads. [3]
Capacitive vs. inductive loads [ edit ] Stored energy in the magnetic or electric field of a load device, such as a motor or capacitor, causes an offset between the current and the voltage waveforms.
Three power factor scenarios are shown, where (a) the line serves an inductive load so the current lags receiving end voltage, (b) the line serves a completely real load so the current and receiving end voltage are in phase, and (c) the line serves a capacitive load so the current leads receiving end voltage.