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Silybum marianum is a species of thistle.It has various common names including milk thistle, [1] blessed milkthistle, [2] Marian thistle, Mary thistle, Saint Mary's thistle, Mediterranean milk thistle, variegated thistle and Scotch thistle (not to be confused with Onopordum acanthium or Cirsium vulgare).
Milk thistle is believed to give some remedy for liver diseases (e.g. viral hepatitis) and the extract, silymarin, is used in medicine. Mild gastrointestinal distress is the most common adverse event reported for milk thistle. The incidence is the same as for placebo. [10] A laxative effect for milk thistle has also been reported infrequently. [11]
Silibinin (), also known as silybin (both from Silybum, the generic name of the plant from which it is extracted), is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle, containing a mixture of flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silychristin, silidianin, and others.
Silychristin (also known as silichristin) is a natural product and one of the constituents of silymarin, the standardized, active extract of the fruit of milk thistle, Silybum marianum. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is the second most abundant constituent in silymarin, after silybin . [ 3 ]
Milk thistle may refer to several plants: Lactuca serriola; Silybum marianum; Various species of Sonchus, including: Sonchus asper, rough milk thistle;
Sonchus oleraceus is a species of flowering plant in the tribe Cichorieae of the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and Western Asia. It has many common names including common sowthistle, [2] sow thistle, [3] smooth sow thistle, annual sow thistle,puha, [4] hare's colwort, hare's thistle, milky tassel, milk thistle, [5] and soft thistle.