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A tenotomy is a surgical act which involves the division of a tendon. [1] It and related procedures are also referred to as tendon release, tendon lengthening, and heel-cord release. When it involves the Achilles tendon, it is called "Achillotenotomy". [citation needed] It has been used in the treatment of cerebral palsy. [2]
The increased initial resistance comes from the stretch reflex hyperactivity, and the sudden collapse may involve the Golgi tendon reflex. [10] The response is also known as the lengthening reaction because of the spastic muscle's reaction to lengthening. [2]
R.I. Griffiths conducted cross-experiments of isolated muscle-tendon preparations with in vivo studies in 1991 to keep muscles isometric during muscle-tendon unit lengthening. This was achieved with the practice of rapid stretches applied to muscle-tendon units which are then absorbed by the stretch of tendons.
Post-operative care is essential for patients who have undergone Achilles tendon lengthening and medial soft tissue tightening, while those without soft tissue surgery or gastrocnemius release may not require plaster fixation. For patients requiring plaster fixation, it is typically maintained for a duration of 4 weeks.
In the case of lengthening a leg bone, an additional surgery will lengthen the Achilles tendon to accommodate the longer length of the treated bone. The therapeutic advantage of the Ilizarov treatment is that the patient can be physically active whilst awaiting the bone to repair.
Reflexes can be tested as part of a neurological examination, often if there is an injury to the central nervous system. To test the reflex, the muscle should be in a neutral position. The muscle being tested needs to be flexed for the clinician to locate the tendon. After the muscle is relaxed, the clinician strikes the tendon.
It is also known as retrocalcaneal exostosis, Mulholland deformity, and ‘pump bump.' It is a very common clinical condition, but still poorly understood. Haglund's deformity is an abnormality of the bone and soft tissues in the foot. An enlargement of the bony section of the heel (where the Achilles tendon is inserted) triggers this condition.
The longitudinal axis is the force generating axis of the muscle and pennate fibers lie at an oblique angle. As tension increases in the muscle fibers, the pennation angle also increases. A greater pennation angle results in a smaller force being transmitted to the tendon. [9] Muscle architecture affects the force-velocity relationship.