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Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), also called hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), is a severe respiratory disease caused by hantaviruses. The main features of illness are microvascular leakage and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Symptoms occur anywhere from 1 to 8 weeks after exposure to the virus and come in three distinct phases.
The prior genus of Hantavirus was renamed Orthohantavirus to distinguish them from members of the family, and the genus's members are often called orthohantaviruses. In 2019, additional genera, subfamilies, and families were created to classify non-rodent hantaviruses, [ 32 ] and in 2023 binomial nomenclature was adopted for hantaviruses.
Differential diagnosis often requires detailed patient history, including recent exposure to rodent habitats, which the patient may not be aware of. Point-of-care and other quick molecular diagnostic tests for hantavirus are under development, which could improve rapid diagnosis in rural areas, typically where most hantavirus cases are found.
The loss of fluid is so severe that the density of blood cells in blood increases due to the loss of liquid (hemoconcentration). Hemoconcentration was observed in several cases and combined with the CDC's findings, a hantavirus was suspected of causing the outbreak. [8] Suspecting a hantavirus required a substantial leap of thought at the time.
Hantaan virus (HTNV) is the main cause of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in East Asia. Hantaan virus is transmitted by the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) In its natural reservoir, HTNV causes a persistent, asymptomatic infection and is spread through excretions, fighting, and grooming.
Andes virus infection usually causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), also called hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Symptoms occur within 1–8 weeks after exposure to the virus and come in three phases: prodromal, cardiopulmonary, and recovery.