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Benznidazole is a nitroimidazole antiparasitic with good activity against acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, commonly referred to as Chagas disease. [14] Like other nitroimidazoles, benznidazole's main mechanism of action is to generate radical species which can damage the parasite's DNA or cellular machinery. [17]
T. cruzi is commonly spread to humans and other mammals by the kissing bug's bite wound and the bug's infected feces. [5] The disease may also be spread through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, consuming food or drink contaminated with the parasites, and vertical transmission (from a mother to her baby). [1]
T. cruzi transmission has been documented in the Southwestern U.S., and warming trends may allow vector species to move north. U.S. domestic and wild animals are reservoirs for T. cruzi. Triatomine species in the southern U.S. have taken human blood meals, but because triatomines do not favor typical U.S. housing, risk to the U.S. population is ...
There are currently only two drugs in use for the treatment of Chagas disease, specifically nifurtimox and benznidazole.Both of these drugs require long use, cause adverse side effects, and have controversial efficacy in adults infected with Trypanosoma cruzi.
Acute Chagas disease has a quick onset, the trypanosomes enter the bloodstream, they become amastigotes, and replicate. Acute Chagas disease can be treated using benznidazole or nifurtimox. Chronic chagas disease is asymptomatic and causes heart and gastrointestinal cells to be affected.
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A study of nitroimidazoles found the drug extremely effective against T. cruzi and T. brucei which cause Chagas disease and African sleeping sickness, respectively. The drug is considerably more effective than standard benznidazole therapy (for Chagas) which is considered the gold standard. [1]
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