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DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid characteristics.DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding.
The Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFDIL), established in 1991, is a forensics laboratory specializing in DNA profiling run by the United States Armed Forces and located at the Dover Air Force Base, Delaware. Since 1992, it has been running the Family Outreach Program.
Rapid DNA is a "swab in-profile out" technology that completely automates the entire DNA extraction, amplification, and analysis process. Rapid DNA instruments are able to go from a swab to a DNA profile in as little as 90 minutes and eliminates the need for trained scientists to perform the process.
Forensic DNA analysis can be a useful tool in aiding forensic identification because DNA is found in almost all cells of our bodies except mature red blood cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid is located in two different places of the cell, the nucleus ; which is inherited from both parents, and the mitochondria ; inherited maternally.
In DNA profiling, the lengths of variable sections of repetitive DNA, such as short tandem repeats and minisatellites, are compared between people. This method is usually an extremely reliable technique for identifying a matching DNA. [164] However, identification can be complicated if the scene is contaminated with DNA from several people. [165]
DNA sequencing may be used along with DNA profiling methods for forensic identification [21] and paternity testing. DNA testing has evolved tremendously in the last few decades to ultimately link a DNA print to what is under investigation. The DNA patterns in fingerprint, saliva, hair follicles, etc. uniquely separate each living organism from ...