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A box plot of the data set can be generated by first calculating five relevant values of this data set: minimum, maximum, median (Q 2), first quartile (Q 1), and third quartile (Q 3). The minimum is the smallest number of the data set. In this case, the minimum recorded day temperature is 57°F. The maximum is the largest number of the data set.
A common collection of order statistics used as summary statistics are the five-number summary, sometimes extended to a seven-number summary, and the associated box plot. Entries in an analysis of variance table can also be regarded as summary statistics. [1]: 378
The five-number summary is a set of descriptive statistics that provides information about a dataset. It consists of the five most important sample percentiles: the sample minimum (smallest observation) the lower quartile or first quartile; the median (the middle value) the upper quartile or third quartile; the sample maximum (largest observation)
They are basic summary statistics, used in descriptive statistics such as the five-number summary and Bowley's seven-figure summary and the associated box plot. The minimum and the maximum value are the first and last order statistics (often denoted X (1) and X ( n ) respectively, for a sample size of n ).
Statistical graphics have been central to the development of science and date to the earliest attempts to analyse data. Many familiar forms, including bivariate plots, statistical maps, bar charts, and coordinate paper were used in the 18th century.
Typically violin plots will include a marker for the median of the data and a box indicating the interquartile range, as in standard box plots. Overlaid on this box plot is a kernel density estimation. Violin plots are available as extensions to a number of software packages, including R through the vioplot library, and Stata through the ...
[2] [5] [6] Examples of appropriate visualizations include the scatter plot for regression, and Gardner–Altman plots for two independent groups. [27] While historical data-group plots (bar charts, box plots, and violin plots) do not display the comparison, estimation plots add a second axis to explicitly visualize the effect size. [28]
In descriptive statistics, the seven-number summary is a collection of seven summary statistics, and is an extension of the five-number summary. There are three similar, common forms. As with the five-number summary, it can be represented by a modified box plot, adding hatch-marks on the "whiskers" for two of the additional numbers.