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In the 16th century, the Oromo began their invasion of Harar region occupying as far as Hubat which forced the Adal Sultanate to erect a wall around Harar the capital city of the principality. [17] [18] By the late sixteenth century other Adalite towns in the Harar region also began to construct ramparts such as Gidaya, and Dakkar. [19]
In the late 16th century the Oromos had settled in the territories south of the Abay river in western Ethiopia. Within 60 years of their arrival, five Oromo states would emerge in the Gibe region, such as Gera, Gomma, Gumma, Jimma and Limmu-Ennarea. These states arose through the transformation of pastoralism to agriculture due to the fertile ...
However, both the Christian and Muslim regions of Ethiopia were significantly weakened by the war; this has been suggested as a possible factor of the Oromo migrations of the 16th century. [17] From political, religious and cultural perspectives, the mid-16th century signifies the shift from the Middle Ages to the early modern period. [18] [1]
Abba Bahrey (Ge'ez: ባሕርይ bāḥriy, "pearl") was a late 16th-century Ethiopian monk, historian, and ethnographer, from the southern region of Gamo. [1] He is best known for his 1593 work on the history of the Oromo and their migrations in the 16th century, the "History of the Galla" ("ዜናሁ ፡ ለጋላ" zēnāhū lagāllā). [2]
In the fourteenth century Haqq ad-Din II transferred Ifat's capital to the Harar plateau thus he is regarded by some to be the true founder of the Adal Sultanate. [32] In the late 14th century, the Ethiopian Emperor Dawit I collected a large army, branded the Muslims of the surrounding area "enemies of the Lord", and invaded Adal. [33]
The Macha came in the second half of the 16th Century as part of the general expansion of the Oromo in the area south of the Blue Nile.The Ethiopian monk Bahrey most important chronicler of the Oromo hikes called the Macha and Tulama as subgroups of the Borana and mentions various clans and lineages of Macha [citation needed].
It is the system with which the Oromo people have been governing themselves in a democratic way for centuries. [14] [15] The Oromo governed themselves in accordance with the Gadaa system long before the 16th century, when major three party wars commenced between them and the Ethiopian Empire to their north and Adal Sultanate to
Years of the 16th century in Ethiopia (4 C) ... Oromo expansion; Ottoman-Ethiopian war (1557-1589) Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1560) Andrés de Oviedo; S.