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The Local Autonomy Act (地方自治法, Chihō-jichi-hō), passed by the House of Representatives and the House of Peers on March 28, 1947 [1] and promulgated as Law No. 67 of 1947 on April 17, [2] [3] is an Act of devolution that established most of Japan's contemporary local government structures and administrative divisions, including prefectures, municipalities [3] and other entities.
The bureaucratic administration of Japan is divided into three basic levels: national, prefectural, and municipal. They are defined by the Local Autonomy Act of 1947. Below the national government there are 47 prefectures, six of which are further subdivided into subprefectures to better service large geographical areas or remote islands.
The central government delegates many functions (such as education and the police force) to the prefectures and municipalities, but retains the overall right to control them. Although local government expenditure accounts for 70 percent of overall government expenditure, the central government controls local budgets, tax rates, and borrowing. [5]
The Government of Japan is the central government of Japan. It consists of legislative , executive and judiciary branches and functions under the framework established by the Constitution of Japan , adopted in 1947 and written by American officials in the Allied occupation of Japan after World War II .
Postwar local government structure of Japan Level Executive Executive leadership Legislature State/nation (kuni, 国) Unitary state, local autonomy anchored in the Constitution: Central/Japanese national government (chūō-/Nihonkoku-seifu, 中央 / 日本国政府) Cabinet/Prime Minister (naikaku/naikaku sōri-daijin, 内閣 / 内閣総理大臣)
Japan has a two-tier system of local government, 47 prefectures and 1,718 municipalities in 2018, including cities, towns, and villages. There is around 60% of the Japan government expenditure is used on local territories. [52] Municipalities and prefectures account for approximately 30% and 28% of the overall government budget. The municipal ...
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See List of cities in Japan for a complete list of cities. See also: Core cities of Japan. The following are examples of the 20 designated cities: Fukuoka, the most populous city in the Kyūshū region; Hiroshima, the busy manufacturing city in the Chūgoku region of Honshū; Kobe, a major port on the Inland Sea, located in the center of ...