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The diagnosis of branch retinal vein occlusion is made clinically by finding retinal hemorrhages in the distribution of an obstructed retinal vein. Fluorescein angiography is a helpful adjunct. Findings include delayed venous filling, hypofluorescence caused by hemorrhage and capillary nonperfusion, dilation and tortuosity of veins, leakage due ...
[18] [19] This has allowed OCTA to obtain detailed images of retinal vasculature in the human retina [20] and become widely used clinically to diagnose a variety of eye diseases, such as age related macular degeneration (AMD), [21] diabetic retinopathy (DR), [22] [23] artery and vein occlusions, and glaucoma. [24] [18]
Since the central retinal artery and vein are the sole source of blood supply and drainage for the retina, such occlusion can lead to severe damage to the retina and blindness, due to ischemia (restriction in blood supply) and edema (swelling). [2] CRVO can cause ocular ischemic syndrome. Nonischemic CRVO is the milder form of the disease.
Central retinal artery occlusion: CRAO is characterized by painless, acute vision loss in one eye. [11] Central retinal vein occlusion: CRVO causes sudden, painless vision loss that can be mild to severe. [12] Branch retinal vein occlusion: sudden painless vision loss or visual field defect are the main symptom of BRVO. [13]
The central retinal vein (retinal vein) is a vein that drains the retina of the eye. It travels backwards through the centre of the optic nerve accompanied by the central retinal artery before exiting the optic nerve together with the central retinal artery to drain into either the superior ophthalmic vein or the cavernous sinus .
A Hollenhorst plaque (also known as a retinal cholesterol embolus) is a cholesterol embolus that is seen in a blood vessel of the retina.It is usually found when a physician performs ophthalmoscopy, during which a plaque will appear as a small, bright crystal that is refractile (reflects the light from the ophthalmoscope) and yellow. [1]
Ocular ischemic syndrome is the constellation of ocular signs and symptoms secondary to severe, chronic arterial hypoperfusion to the eye. [1] Amaurosis fugax is a form of acute vision loss caused by reduced blood flow to the eye; it may be a warning sign of an impending stroke, as both stroke and retinal artery occlusion can be caused by thromboembolism due to atherosclerosis elsewhere in the ...
IRMA can be difficult to distinguish from and is likely a precursor to retinal neovascularization. One way to distinguish IRMA from retinal neovascularization is to perform fluorescein angiography. Since IRMA blood vessels are patent, unlike neovascular vessels, they do not leak, and therefore exhibit hyperfluorescence on fluorescein angiography.