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Ichthyosis (also named fish scale disease) [1] is a family of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, thickened, scaly skin. [2] The more than 20 types of ichthyosis range in severity of symptoms, outward appearance, underlying genetic cause and mode of inheritance (e.g., dominant, recessive , autosomal or X-linked ). [ 3 ]
A child with Harlequin-type ichthyosis.Visible plates on the skin, as well as a change in the appearance of the ears and fingers,which are symptoms of Harlequin-type ichthyosis. [10] Newborns with harlequin-type ichthyosis present with thick, fissured armor-plate hyperkeratosis. [11] Sufferers feature severe cranial and facial deformities.
Ichthyosis vulgaris (also known as "autosomal dominant ichthyosis" [1] and "Ichthyosis simplex" [1]) is a skin disorder causing dry, scaly skin. It is the most common form, and one of the mildest forms, of ichthyosis, [2] [3]: 486 affecting around 1 in 250 people. [4] For this reason it is known as common ichthyosis.
Ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia, and photophobia (IFAP) syndrome is an extremely rare genetic syndrome caused by mutations in the MBTPS2 gene. [ 2 ] : 564 It is extremely rare: there were only 40 known cases (all male) until 2011.
Ichthyosis linearis circumflexa is a distinctive skin condition of generalized hyperkeratosis and polycyclic and serpiginous erythematous plaques with a characteristic, migratory, double-edged scale at the margins, and is the typical cutaneous manifestation of Netherton's syndrome.
X-linked ichthyosis (abbreviated XLI) is a skin condition caused by the hereditary deficiency of the steroid sulfatase (STS) enzyme that affects 1 in 2000 to 1 in 6000 males. [2] XLI manifests with dry, scaly skin [ 3 ] and is due to deletions [ 4 ] [ 5 ] or mutations [ 6 ] in the STS gene.
Lamellar ichthyosis, also known as ichthyosis lamellaris and nonbullous congenital ichthyosis, is a rare inherited skin disorder, affecting around 1 in 600,000 people.
Eclabium (eversion of the lips), ectropion and alopecia (hair loss) are more common in congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma than in lamellar ichthyosis. [ 3 ] [ non-primary source needed ] Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma can present very similarly to lamellar ichthyosis and they often share characteristics, though the two conditions can ...