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The Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424). During his reign, Admiral Zheng He led a gigantic maritime tributary fleet abroad on the seven treasure voyages.. In premodern times, the theory of foreign relations of China held that the Chinese Empire was the Celestial Dynasty, the center of world civilization, with the Emperor of China being the leader of the civilized world.
The foreign relations of the Ottoman Empire were characterized by competition with the Persian Empire to the east, Russia to the north, and Austria to the west. The control over European minorities began to collapse after 1800, with Greece being the first to break free, followed by Serbia.
On January 3, 1799, the Ottoman Empire allied with Russia, and two days later with Great Britain. [138] Britain took the opportunity to ally with the Ottoman Empire in order to repel Napoleon's invasion, intervening militarily during the siege of Acre with Admiral William Sidney Smith in 1799, and under Ralph Abercromby at the Battle of Abukir ...
The German–Ottoman alliance was ratified by the German Empire and the Ottoman Empire on August 2, 1914, shortly after the outbreak of World War I. It was created as part of a joint effort to strengthen and modernize the weak Ottoman military and to provide Germany with safe passage into the neighbouring British colonies.
In 1814, diplomats recognized five great powers: France, Britain, Russia, Austria (in 1867–1918, Austria-Hungary) and Prussia (in 1871–1918, the German Empire). Italy was added to this group after its unification in 1860 ("Risorgimento"); by 1905 two rapidly growing non-European states, Japan and the United States, had joined the great powers.
The Empire's longevity has been said to be due to its aggressive diplomacy in negotiating treaties, the formation of alliances, and partnerships with the enemies of its enemies [1] Even when it had more resources and less threats in the 6th century, the costs of defense were enormous; [2] foreign affairs had become more multi-polar, complex and interconnected; [3] further the challenges in ...
Relations between the Russian Empire and the United States predate the American Revolution, when the Russians began trading with the Thirteen Colonies in violation of the British Navigation Acts. The Russian government officially recognized the United States in 1803, and the two countries established diplomatic relations in 1809. [1]
Ottoman Empire [1] War of 1578–1590: Murad III: Mohammad Khodabanda, Abbas I: Treaty of Constantinople (1590) Ottoman Empire War of 1603–1612: Ahmed I: Abbas I: Treaty of Nasuh Pasha: Persian Empire War of 1616–1618: Ahmed I, Mustafa I, Osman II: Abbas I: Treaty of Serav (1618) Persian Empire War of 1623–1639: Murad IV: Abbas I, Safi ...