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Crucifixion is a method of capital punishment in which the condemned is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross, beam or stake and left to hang until eventual death. [1] [2] It was used as a punishment by the Persians, Carthaginians, and Romans, [1] among others. Crucifixion has been used in some countries as recently as the 21st century. [3]
The Koine Greek terms used in the New Testament of the structure on which Jesus died are stauros (σταυρός) and xylon (ξύλον).These words, which can refer to many different things, do not indicate the precise shape of the structure; scholars have long known that the Greek word stauros and the Latin word crux did not uniquely mean a cross, but could also be used to refer to one, and ...
MacMullen cites Christian emperors as ceasing to use crucifixion and death by wild beasts as death penalties. [405] Bishops, generally, opposed the death penalty. Such a penalty was consistent with the authority of the state, but it was inconsistent with the expansion of the Church through the conversion of its enemies. [423]
The crucifixion of Jesus is one of the most illustrated events in human history.. For centuries, artists have reimagined it as a form of remembrance and as a means to convey the story of brutality ...
The crucifixion of Jesus was the death of Jesus by being nailed to a cross. [note 1] It occurred in 1st-century Judaea, most likely in AD 30 or AD 33.It is described in the four canonical gospels, referred to in the New Testament epistles, and later attested to by other ancient sources.
Justus Lipsius: Crux decussata, a form of cross for which there is no evidence of its use by ancient Romans: the earliest account of its supposed use for Andrew the Apostle is of the twelfth century. [5] Some scholars think the distinction between crux commissa and crux immissa within the crux compacta category is unnecessary.
Crucifixions and crucifixes have appeared in the arts and popular culture from before the era of the pagan Roman Empire.The crucifixion of Jesus has been depicted in a wide range of religious art since the 4th century CE, frequently including the appearance of mournful onlookers such as the Virgin Mary, Pontius Pilate, and angels, as well as antisemitic depictions portraying Jews as ...
In Christian theology, the events from the Last Supper until the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus are referred to as the Passion. In the New Testament, all four Gospels conclude with an extended narrative of Jesus's arrest, trial, crucifixion, burial, and resurrection. In each Gospel, these five events in the life of Jesus are treated with ...