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"Dunya" is an Arabic word that means "lower or lowest", [1] or "nearer or nearest", [2] which is understood as a reference to the "lower world, this world here below". [3] The term "dunya" is employed to refer to the present world "as it is closest to one’s life as opposed to the life of the Hereafter". [4]
The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization Marshall Goodwin Simms Hodgson (April 11, 1922 – June 10, 1968) was an American historian and scholar of Islamic studies best known for his pioneering work on Islamic civilization and his contributions to world history.
Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and more recently sects such as Mormonism are among those religions which have taken root and influenced endemic cultures in places far from their origins. [90] McDonald's is commonly seen as a symbol of globalization, often called McDonaldization of global society. Globalization has strongly influenced sports. [91]
The spread of Islam spans almost 1,400 years. The early Muslim conquests that occurred following the death of Muhammad in 632 CE led to the creation of the caliphates, expanding over a vast geographical area; conversion to Islam was boosted by Arab Muslim forces expanding over vast territories and building imperial structures over time.
Modernism/Reformism in the Indonesian context is defined by its pure adherence toward the Qur'an and Hadith, promotion of ijtihad (individual reasoning), rejection of madh'hab (Islamic schools of jurisprudence) and as well as criticism against taqlid (imitation of judicial precedence) to religious scholars, Sufism, and vernacular traditions based on syncretism with local practices.
The idea of the Kesultanan Melayu Islam (Islamic Malay Sultanate) was first used in 1957 and was supported by Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III based on the initial recommendations of the 'Jawatankuasa Tujuh Serangkai' A series. It was finally referred to as the MIB in the declaration of independence in 1984.
A medical work by Ibn al-Nafis, who corrected some of the erroneous theories of Galen and Avicenna on the anatomy of the brain [citation needed].. Islamic psychology or ʿilm al-nafs [1] (Arabic: علم النفس), the science of the nafs ("self" or "psyche"), [2] is the medical and philosophical study of the psyche from an Islamic perspective and addresses topics in psychology, neuroscience ...
Wawasan 2020 or Vision 2020 is a Malaysian ideal introduced by the fourth and seventh Prime Minister of Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamad during the tabling of the Sixth Malaysia Plan in 1991. [2]