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[16] [17] From the known atomic mass of iron, he calculated the molecular mass of hemoglobin to n × 16000 (n=number of iron atoms per hemoglobin molecule, now known to be 4), the first determination of a protein's molecular mass. This "hasty conclusion" drew ridicule from colleagues who could not believe that any molecule could be so large.
The Mentzer index, described in 1973 by William C. Mentzer, [1] is the MCV divided by the RBC count. It is said to be helpful in differentiating iron deficiency anemia from beta thalassemia trait.
98.6 °F (37.0 °C) is not the normal or average temperature of the human body. That figure comes from an 1860 study, [297] but modern research shows that the average internal temperature is 36.4 °C (97.5 °F), with small fluctuations. [298] [299] [300] The cells in the human body are not outnumbered 10 to 1 by microorganisms. The 10 to 1 ...
In a healthy adult male of 75 kg (165 lb) with a blood volume of 5 L, a blood glucose level of 5.5 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) amounts to 5 g, equivalent to about a teaspoonful of sugar. [14] Part of the reason why this amount is so small is that, to maintain an influx of glucose into cells, enzymes modify glucose by adding phosphate or other groups to it.
Both Blackmore and George Cheyne treated this malady as the male equivalent of "the vapours", while preferring the more learned terms "hypochondriasis" and "hysteria". [39] [41] [42] In the late 18th century, the German word Spleen came to denote eccentric and hypochondriac tendencies that were thought to be characteristic of English people. [37]
Cis-interactions is also known as side-to-side interactions and trans-interactions is also known as head-to-head interactions. [9] Generally the tight junction is known for its impermeability. However, depending on the type of claudin and their interactions there is selective permeability. This includes charge selectivity and size selectivity. [7]
The total number of protein-coding genes (the Earth's proteome) is estimated to be 5 million sequences. [98] Although the number of base-pairs of DNA in the human genome has been known since the 1950s, the estimated number of genes has changed over time as definitions of genes, and methods of detecting them have been refined.
Mutations that lead to EGFR overexpression (known as upregulation or amplification) have been associated with a number of cancers, including adenocarcinoma of the lung (40% of cases), anal cancers, [18] glioblastoma (50%) and epithelian tumors of the head and neck (80–100%). [19]