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The following is a list of the world's oldest surviving physical documents. Each entry is the most ancient of each language or civilization. For example, the Narmer Palette may be the most ancient from Egypt, but there are many other surviving written documents from Egypt later than the Narmer Palette but still more ancient than the Missal of Silos.
inscription found on the bank of the Arkhara River [143] c. 1175: Galician-Portuguese: Notícia de Fiadores [144] The Notícia de Torto and the will of Afonso II of Portugal, dated 1214, are often cited as the first documents written in Galician-Portuguese. [145] A date prior to 1175 has been proposed for the Pacto dos Irmãos Pais. [146] 1192 ...
This article cites its sources but its page reference ranges are too broad or incorrect. Please help in adding a more precise page range. (July 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Survey of eight prominent scripts (left to right, top to bottom): Sumerian cuneiform, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Chinese characters, Maya script, Devanagari, Latin alphabet, Arabic alphabet, Braille Part of ...
The oldest known alphabetic writing has been found etched onto finger-length clay cylinders unearthed from a tomb in Syria.. Researchers at the Johns Hopkins University in the US dated the writing ...
The Ketef Hinnom scrolls, also described as Ketef Hinnom amulets, are the oldest surviving texts currently known from the Hebrew Bible, dated to c. 600 BCE. [2] The text, written in the Paleo-Hebrew script (not the Babylonian square letters of the modern Hebrew alphabet, more familiar to most modern readers), is from the Book of Numbers in the Hebrew Bible, and has been described as "one of ...
The author who had the laws written onto cuneiform tablets is still somewhat under dispute. Some scholars have attributed it to Ur-Nammu's son Shulgi. [8] Although it is known that earlier law-codes existed, such as the Code of Urukagina, this represents the earliest extant legal text. It is three centuries older than the Code of Hammurabi.
PERF 558 is the oldest surviving Arabic papyrus, [1] found in Heracleopolis in Egypt, and is also the oldest dated Arabic text using the Islamic era, dating to 643. [2] It is a bilingual Arabic- Greek fragment, [ 3 ] consisting of a tax receipt, [ 4 ] or as it puts it "Document concerning the delivery of sheep to the Magarites and other people ...
Archaeologists uncovered a 480-year-old gun in Arizona. It’s now considered the oldest firearm ever found within the continental United States.