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The skin is removed from the animal's carcass, treated with absorbents, and filled with cotton or polyester batting (In the past plant fibres or sawdust were used). Bird specimens have a long, thin, wooden dowel wrapped in batting at their center. The dowel is often intentionally longer than the bird's body and exits at the animal's vent.
The bird on the left is pushing its head towards its uropygial gland. White-winged crossbill (Loxia leucoptera) extracting preen oil from its uropygial gland. The uropygial gland secretes an oil (preen oil) through the dorsal surface of the skin via a grease nipple-like nub or papilla. [6]
Grandry corpuscles are found in the superficial portion of the dermis in bill skin and oral mucosa of aquatic bird species. [2] [7] The specific location in the dermis varies between and within species; Grandry corpuscles have been observed at depths below the epidermis of 20-150 μm in domestic geese, 1-80 μm in greater white-fronted geese, [8] and 50-100 μm in mallards. [1]
Anatomical structures on the head and throat of a domestic turkey. 1. Caruncles, 2. Snood, 3. Wattle (dewlap), 4. Major caruncle, 5. Beard. A caruncle is defined as 'a small, fleshy excrescence that is a normal part of an animal's anatomy'. [1]
Gular skin (throat skin), in ornithology, is an area of featherless skin on birds that joins the lower mandible of the beak (or bill) to the bird's neck. [1] Other vertebrate taxa may have a comparable anatomical structure that is referred to as either a gular sac, throat sac, vocal sac or gular fold .
Marbled godwit, Limosa fedoa, prepared as a skin (shmoo), skeleton, and spread wing. Early scientific bird collections included those belonging to Pallas and Naumann in Germany, Latham and Tunstall in England and Adanson in France. Collections grew in size with increasing maritime activity, exploration and colonialism.
The stratum lucidum (Latin, 'clear layer') is a thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis named for its translucent appearance under a microscope. It is readily visible by light microscopy only in areas of thick skin, which are found on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. [1] [2]
In ornithology, the lore is the region between the eye and bill on the side of a bird's head. [1] This region is sometimes featherless, and the skin may be tinted, as in many species of the cormorant family. [2] This area, which is directly in front of the eye, features a "loral stripe" in many bird species including the red-capped plover.