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Umbilical cord prolapse is when the umbilical cord comes out of the uterus with or before the presenting part of the baby. [2] The concern with cord prolapse is that pressure on the cord from the baby will compromise blood flow to the baby. [2] It usually occurs during labor but can occur anytime after the rupture of membranes. [1] [5]
A nuchal cord is when the umbilical cord becomes wrapped around the fetus's neck. [1] Symptoms present in the baby shortly after birth from a prior nuchal cord may include duskiness of face, facial petechia, and bleeding in the whites of the eye. [1] Complications can include meconium, respiratory distress, anemia, and stillbirth. [1]
Omphalitis of newborn is the medical term for inflammation of the umbilical cord stump in the neonatal newborn period, most commonly attributed to a bacterial infection. [1] Typically immediately after an infant is born, the umbilical cord is cut with a small remnant (often referred to as the stump) left behind.
In velamentous cord insertion, the vessels of the umbilical cord are improperly inserted in the chorioamniotic membrane, and hence the vessels traverse between the amnion and the chorion towards the placenta. [1] [11] Without Wharton's jelly protecting the vessels, the exposed vessels are susceptible to compression and rupture. [1] [9]
The embryo is surrounded by the thin membranes of the amniotic sac, the umbilical cord is seen in the center, attaching the embryo to the placenta. The umbilical cord develops from and contains remnants of the yolk sac and allantois. It forms by the fifth week of development, replacing the yolk sac as the source of nutrients for the embryo. [2]
Early clamping of the umbilical cord does not decrease risks and may cause anemia in the baby, and thus is usually not recommended. [ 2 ] Active management of the third stage is a method of shortening the stage between when the baby is born and when the placenta is delivered. [ 15 ]
Torsion of the umbilical cord is very common (especially in equine stillbirths) but it is not a natural state of the umbilical cord. The umbilical cord can be untwisted at delivery. The average cord has three twists. Smoke inhalation – If a pregnant woman gets trapped in a building fire, the smoke and fumes can kill a foetus. [citation needed]
Umbilical cord prolapse occurs when the umbilical cord comes out of the uterus with or before the presenting part of the fetus. It is a relatively rare condition and occurs in fewer than 1% of pregnancies. Cord prolapse is more common in women who have had rupture of their amniotic sac.