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Init is a daemon process that continues running until the system is shut down. It is the direct or indirect ancestor of all other processes and automatically adopts all orphaned processes . Init is started by the kernel during the booting process; a kernel panic will occur if the kernel is unable to start it, or it should die for any reason.
SysV init (a.k.a. simply "init") is similar to the Unix and BSD init processes, from which it derived. In a standard Linux system, init is executed with a parameter, known as a runlevel, which takes a value from 0 to 6 and determines which subsystems are made
The name systemd adheres to the Unix convention of naming daemons by appending the letter d. [9] It also plays on the term "System D", which refers to a person's ability to adapt quickly and improvise to solve problems. [10] Since 2015, the majority of Linux distributions have adopted systemd, having replaced other init systems such as SysV ...
Linux also calls the threads of this process idle tasks. [2] In some APIs, PID 0 is also used as a special value that always refers to the calling thread, process, or process group. [3] [4] Process ID 1 is usually the init process primarily responsible for starting and shutting down the system. Originally, process ID 1 was not specifically ...
Instead, the system simply redefines the "parent PID" field in the child process's data to be the process that is the "ancestor" of every other process in the system, whose PID generally has the value of 1 (one), and whose name is traditionally "init" (except in the Linux kernel 3.4 and above [more info below]).
After the Linux kernel has booted, the /sbin/init program reads the /etc/inittab file to determine the behavior for each runlevel. Unless the user specifies another value as a kernel boot parameter , the system will attempt to enter (start) the default runlevel.
The name of the job. By convention, the job label is the same as the plist file name, without the .plist extension. Required. Program: String A path to an executable. Useful for simple launches. At least one of Program or ProgramArguments is required. ProgramArguments: Array of strings An array of strings representing a UNIX command.
Process the command history list fg: Process management Optional (UP) Run jobs in the foreground file: Filesystem Mandatory Determine file type Version 4 AT&T UNIX find: Filesystem Mandatory Find files Version 1 AT&T UNIX fold: Text processing Mandatory Filter for folding lines 1BSD fuser: Process management Optional (XSI)