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  2. Scalar multiplication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_multiplication

    Scalar multiplication of a vector by a factor of 3 stretches the vector out. The scalar multiplications −a and 2a of a vector a. In mathematics, scalar multiplication is one of the basic operations defining a vector space in linear algebra [1] [2] [3] (or more generally, a module in abstract algebra [4] [5]).

  3. Scalar (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_(mathematics)

    A scalar is an element of a field which is used to define a vector space.In linear algebra, real numbers or generally elements of a field are called scalars and relate to vectors in an associated vector space through the operation of scalar multiplication (defined in the vector space), in which a vector can be multiplied by a scalar in the defined way to produce another vector.

  4. Quaternion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternion

    A quaternion of the form a + 0 i + 0 j + 0 k, where a is a real number, is called scalar, and a quaternion of the form 0 + b i + c j + d k, where b, c, and d are real numbers, and at least one of b, c, or d is nonzero, is called a vector quaternion. If a + b i + c j + d k is any quaternion, then a is called its scalar part and b i + c j + d k ...

  5. Vector (mathematics and physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_(mathematics_and...

    Vector addition and scalar multiplication: a vector v (blue) is added to another vector w (red, upper illustration). Below, w is stretched by a factor of 2, yielding the sum v + 2w . In mathematics and physics , a vector space (also called a linear space) is a set whose elements, often called vectors , can be added together and multiplied ...

  6. Dot product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot_product

    In mathematics, the dot product or scalar product [note 1] is an algebraic operation that takes two equal-length sequences of numbers (usually coordinate vectors), and returns a single number. In Euclidean geometry , the dot product of the Cartesian coordinates of two vectors is widely used.

  7. Algebraic structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_structure

    In mathematics, an algebraic structure or algebraic system [1] consists of a nonempty set A (called the underlying set, carrier set or domain), a collection of operations on A (typically binary operations such as addition and multiplication), and a finite set of identities (known as axioms) that these operations must satisfy.

  8. Associative algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_algebra

    In mathematics, an associative algebra A over a commutative ring (often a field) K is a ring A together with a ring homomorphism from K into the center of A.This is thus an algebraic structure with an addition, a multiplication, and a scalar multiplication (the multiplication by the image of the ring homomorphism of an element of K).

  9. Operation (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_(mathematics)

    [6] [7] [8] Operations on functions include composition and convolution. [9] [10] Operations may not be defined for every possible value of its domain. For example, in the real numbers one cannot divide by zero [11] or take square roots of negative numbers. The values for which an operation is defined form a set called its domain of definition ...