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Both forward and spot rates tend to act as navigation tools in the diverse world of investments. Primarily, the forward rate indicates forecasted interest rates, while the spot rate provides the ...
The forward exchange rate depends on three known variables: the spot exchange rate, the domestic interest rate, and the foreign interest rate. This effectively means that the forward rate is the price of a forward contract, which derives its value from the pricing of spot contracts and the addition of information on available interest rates.
The forward price (or sometimes forward rate) is the agreed upon price of an asset in a forward contract. [1] [2] Using the rational pricing assumption, for a forward contract on an underlying asset that is tradeable, the forward price can be expressed in terms of the spot price and any dividends. For forwards on non-tradeables, pricing the ...
F = forward rate; S = spot rate; r d = simple interest rate of the term currency; r f = simple interest rate of the base currency; T = tenor (calculated according to the appropriate day count convention) The forward points or swap points are quoted as the difference between forward and spot, F - S, and is expressed as the following:
The terminology is consistent with the above, in that the spot rate is related to the forward rate analogously. A spot rate curve displays these rates over various maturities. Each security class will have its own curve (with the resultant credit spread – e.g. swaps vs government bonds – a function of increased credit risk).
As a result, the forward price for nonperishable commodities, securities or currency is no more a predictor of future price than the spot price is - the relationship between forward and spot prices is driven by interest rates. For perishable commodities, arbitrage does not have this The above forward pricing formula can also be written as:
The forward rate is the future yield on a bond. It is calculated using the yield curve . For example, the yield on a three-month Treasury bill six months from now is a forward rate .
where S is the spot price of the underlying, K is the strike price, τ is the time to expiry, r is the risk-free rate, and σ is the implied volatility. The forward price F can be computed from the spot price S and the risk-free rate r.