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Aspergillus flavus is unique in that it is a thermotolerant fungus, so can survive at temperatures that other fungi cannot. [12] [13] A. flavus can contribute to the storage rots, especially when the plant material is stored at high moisture levels. A. flavus grows and thrives in hot and humid climates. [10]
Aspergillus niger is a prime example of this; it can be found growing on damp walls, as a major component of mildew. [citation needed] Several species of Aspergillus, including A. niger and A. fumigatus, will readily colonise buildings, [7] favouring warm and damp or humid areas such as bathrooms and around window frames. [8]
The genus Aspergillus includes several hundred fungus species.As of August 2023, there are 817 different combinations including synonyms as acknowledged by Species Fungorum, representing 592 accepted species; [2] In the list below, if no author/authors (or published date) mentioned then it is not listed in Species Fungorum.
Aspergillus flavus is a fungus of the family Trichocomaceae with a worldwide distribution. The mold lives in soil, surviving off dead plant and animal matter, but spreads through the air via airborne conidia. [24] This fungus grows in long branched hyphae and is capable of surviving on numerous food sources including corn and peanuts. [25]
Aspergillus flavus produces aflatoxin which is both a toxin and a carcinogen and which can potentially contaminate foods such as nuts. Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus clavatus can cause allergic disease. Some Aspergillus species cause disease on grain crops, especially maize, and synthesize mycotoxins including aflatoxin.
The fungus was originally classified as a subspecies of A. flavus called Aspergillus flavus subsp. parasiticus (Speare) due to its strong resemblance to A. flavus. Indeed, this fungus is very closely related to A. flavus [3] and is often misidentified as the latter. [3] However, the two species are separable based on morphological features. [3]
Aflatoxin M 1 is a chemical compound of the aflatoxin class, a group of mycotoxins produced by three species of Aspergillus – Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and the rare Aspergillus nomius – which contaminate plant and plant products. Aspergillus flavus produces only B-type aflatoxins.
Aspergillus fumigatus, is a heterothallic fungus. [7] It is one of the most common Aspergillus species to cause disease in humans with an immunodeficiency. A. fumigatus, is widespread in nature, and is typically found in soil and decaying organic matter, such as compost heaps, where it plays an essential role in carbon and nitrogen recycling.