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Water and air pollution are the biggest risks to human health from fracking. [1] Research has determined that fracking negatively affects human health and drives climate change. [2] [3] [4] Fracking fluids include proppants and other substances, which include chemicals known to be toxic, as well as unknown chemicals that may be toxic. [5]
Environmental impact of fracking in the United States has been an issue of public concern, and includes the contamination of ground and surface water, methane emissions, [1] air pollution, migration of gases and fracking chemicals and radionuclides to the surface, the potential mishandling of solid waste, drill cuttings, increased seismicity and associated effects on human and ecosystem health.
Environmental Protection Agency illustration of the water cycle of hydraulic fracturing. Fracking in the United States began in 1949. [1] According to the Department of Energy (DOE), by 2013 at least two million oil and gas wells in the US had been hydraulically fractured, and that of new wells being drilled, up to 95% are hydraulically fractured.
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Hydraulic fracturing is the propagation of fractures in a rock layer by pressurized fluid. Induced hydraulic fracturing or hydrofracking, commonly known as fracking, is a technique used to release petroleum, natural gas (including shale gas, tight gas and coal seam gas), or other substances for extraction, particularly from unconventional reservoirs. [1]
Kaolinite which is altered from potassium feldspar with the presence of water is a common mineral that fills pore spaces. [2] Precipitation and infiltration only affect materials on shallow depth, hence, more clay materials infill pore spaces when they are closer to the surface. Yet, development of a fault zone introduces fluid to flow deeper. [2]
Averaging 3 million gallons per fracking well, the oil and gas industry is at risk of running our country dry in many geographic regions. As states continue to join the trend of mandating water ...
Chemicals used for fracking may travel through cracks in the rock into an underground drinking water source and contamination could also occur if a well is improperly installed, if chemicals are ...