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Altitudinal zones of Andes Mountains and corresponding communities of agriculture and livestock raised. Human populations have developed agricultural production strategies to exploit varying characteristics of altitudinal zones. Elevation, climate, and soil fertility set upper limits on types of crops that can reside in each zone.
The climate and ecology of different locations on the globe naturally separate into life zones, depending on elevation, latitude, and location.The generally strong dependency on elevation is known as altitudinal zonation: the average temperature of a location decreases as the elevation increases.
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This image is a derivative work of the following images: File:Altitudinal_zones_of_Alps_mountains_Extended_diagram-fr.svg licensed with Cc-by-sa-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0, GFDL . 2012-02-06T09:38:35Z Pethrus 1801x992 (39320 Bytes) {{Information |Description ={{en|1=Detailed altitudinal zones of Alps mountains}} {{fr|1=Étages de végétation des Alpes - schéma détaillé}} |Source ={{own}}, based on ...
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The life zone concept was developed by C. Hart Merriam in 1889 as a means of describing areas with similar plant and animal communities. Merriam observed that the changes in these communities with an increase in latitude at a constant elevation are similar to the changes seen with an increase in elevation at a constant latitude.
This extreme altitudinal gradient has resulted in 11 bio-climatic zones ranging from lower tropical below 500 m (1,600 ft) to nival above 5,000 m (16,000 ft) in the High Himalayas, encompassing nine terrestrial ecoregions with 36 vegetation types.
Foothill zone, 300 – 800 m (East Alps), 150 – 300 m (Central German hills), oak limit (Quercus spp.). European Beech (Fagus sylvatica), Sessile oak (Quercus petraea), Pedunculate oak or English oak (Quercus robur), European or common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and small-leaved Lime (Tilia cordata).