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Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM cannot be electronically modified after the manufacture of the memory device. Read-only memory is useful for storing software that is rarely changed during the life of the system, also known as firmware.
This way, only the offending program crashes, and other programs are not affected by the misbehavior (whether accidental or intentional). Use of protected memory greatly enhances both the reliability and security of a computer system. Without protected memory, it is possible that a bug in one program will alter the memory used by another program.
OTP (one time programmable) memory is a special type of non-volatile memory (NVM) that permits data to be written to memory only once. Once the memory has been programmed, it retains its value upon loss of power (i.e., is non-volatile). OTP memory is used in applications where reliable and repeatable reading of data is required.
Non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) is random-access memory that retains data without applied power. This is in contrast to dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) and static random-access memory (SRAM), which both maintain data only for as long as power is applied, or forms of sequential-access memory such as magnetic tape, which cannot be randomly accessed but which retains data ...
Read-only memory, a type of storage media that is used in computers and other electronic devices ROM cartridge, a portable form of read-only memory; ROM image, a computer file which contains a copy of the data from a read-only memory chip; ROM (MUD), a popular MUD codebase; Request Of Maintainer, a request by the maintainer of a software package
In computer technology, read-only can refer to: Read-only memory (ROM), a type of storage media; Read-only access to memory using memory protection; Read-only access to files or directories in file system permissions; Read-only access for database administrators in database system permissions
Prior to the development of integrated read-only memory (ROM) circuits, permanent (or read-only) random-access memory was often constructed using diode matrices driven by address decoders, or specially wound core rope memory planes. [citation needed] Semiconductor memory appeared in the 1960s with bipolar memory, which used bipolar transistors ...
The computer first executes a relatively small program stored in read-only memory (ROM, and later EEPROM, NOR flash) which support execute in place, to initialize CPU and motherboard, to initialize the memory (especially on x86 systems), to initialize and access the storage (usually a block-addressed device, e.g. hard disk drive, NAND flash ...