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  2. Social choice theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_choice_theory

    While social choice began as a branch of economics and decision theory, it has since received substantial contributions from mathematics, philosophy, political science, and game theory. Real-world examples of social choice rules include constitutions and parliamentary procedures for voting on laws, as well as electoral systems ; [ 5 ] as such ...

  3. The Rules of Sociological Method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rules_of_Sociological...

    With regards to social facts, Durkheim defined them as follows: A social fact is every way of acting, fixed or not, capable of exercising on the individual an external constraint; or again, every way of acting which is general throughout a given society, while at the same time existing in its own right independent of its individual manifestations.

  4. Social constraints - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Constraints

    Social constraints have been studied in populations of bereaved mothers, individuals diagnosed with cancer, and suicide-bereaved individuals. [4] [5] [6] There is evidence of social constraints having negative effects on mental health. They have been linked to increased depressive symptoms as well as post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in ...

  5. Social fact - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_fact

    [1] Durkheim says that a social fact is a thing that many people do very similarly because the socialized community that they belong to has influenced them to do these things. [2] Durkheim defined the social fact this way: "A social fact is any way of acting, whether fixed or not, capable of exerting over the individual an external constraint; or:

  6. Structural holes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_holes

    Constraint on an individual would be generally higher in case of a small network (he or she has just few contacts), and if contacts are highly connected between each other (either directly as in a dense network, or indirectly, through the mutual central contact as in a hierarchical network).

  7. Mathematical sociology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_sociology

    Mathematical Bridge, or officially Wooden Bridge, is an arch bridge in Cambridge, United Kingdom.The arrangement of timbers is a series of tangents that describe the arc of the bridge, with radial members to tie the tangents together and triangulate the structure, making it rigid and self-supporting.

  8. Social comparison theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_comparison_theory

    Following the initial theory, research began to focus on social comparison as a way of self-enhancement, [3] introducing the concepts of downward [4] and upward comparisons and expanding the motivations of social comparisons. [5] Social comparison can be traced back to the pivotal paper by Herbert Hyman, back in 1942.

  9. Social welfare function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_welfare_function

    A social scoring function maps each candidate to a number representing their quality. For example, the standard social scoring function for first-preference plurality is the total number of voters who rank a candidate first. Every social ordering can be made into a choice function by considering only the highest-ranked outcome.