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Lymphedema, also known as lymphoedema and lymphatic edema, is a condition of localized swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system. [2] The lymphatic system functions as a critical portion of the body's immune system and returns interstitial fluid to the bloodstream.
Muscle atrophy is the loss of skeletal muscle mass. It can be caused by immobility, aging, malnutrition, medications, or a wide range of injuries or diseases that impact the musculoskeletal or nervous system. Muscle atrophy leads to muscle weakness and causes disability.
Physical and occupational therapy for the child can be very effective in maintaining muscle strength. [6] There is no published practice standard for the care in DSMA1, even though the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Standard of Care Committee [further explanation needed] has been trying to come to a consensus on the care standards for DSMA1 patients.
This includes physical therapy, massage therapy, and aerobic exercise. Physical therapy involves training the use of the affected limb or training the use of the body. This is for the purpose of retraining muscles after muscle atrophy, and retraining how to use the affected muscles with less amplified pain.
Physical Therapy can be used to alleviate atrophy and soreness from ANIM. Treatment for acquired noninflammatory myopathy is directed towards resolution of the underlying condition, pain management, and muscle rehabilitation. Drug induced ANIMs can be reversed or improved by tapering off of the drugs and finding alternative care. [6]
OTC devices are marketable only for muscle toning; prescription devices can be purchased only with a medical prescription for therapy. Prescription devices should be used under the supervision of an authorized practitioner, for the following uses: Relaxation of muscle spasms; Prevention or retardation of disuse atrophy;
This magnified image of type 2 muscle fibers shows denervation atrophy occurring at the white spaces at the top left and bottom center of the image. The white space represents a disruption of the nerve fibers, resulting in a loss of nerve supply to the muscle fibers. Denervation is any loss of nerve supply regardless of the cause.
This type of lymphedema usually develops as a result of a developmental abnormality being precipitated by some insult such as trauma, illness, or physical immobility. Compared to secondary lymphedema, primary lymphedema is more likely to involve the face, conjunctiva, and genitalia in association with any limbs involved. [2] It can be familial. [3]