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2. Compression release engine brake - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_release_engine...

   When activated, it opens exhaust valves to the cylinders, right before the compression stroke ends, releasing the compressed gas trapped in the cylinders, and slowing the vehicle. Clessie Cummins was granted a patent for the engine compression brake in 1965, and the first company to manufacture them was Jacobs Vehicle Systems. [1] [2]

3. Engine braking - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_braking

   A compression release brake (also known as a Jacobs brake or "jake brake"), is the type of brake most commonly confused with real engine braking; it is used mainly in large diesel trucks and works by opening the exhaust valves at the top of the compression stroke, so the large amount of energy stored in that compressed air is not returned to ...

4. Prony brake - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prony_brake

   Prony brake dynamometers at a tractor contest in 1910 Schematic of a Prony brake Actual Prony Brake built for testing 5HP Steam Engine. The Prony brake is a simple device invented by Gaspard de Prony in 1821 to measure the torque produced by an engine. The term "brake horsepower" is one measurement of power derived from this method of measuring ...

5. Mean effective pressure - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_effective_pressure

   Brake mean effective pressure (BMEP, ) - Mean effective pressure calculated from measured brake torque. Indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP, p m i {\displaystyle p_{mi}} ) - Mean effective pressure calculated from in-cylinder pressure over the complete engine cycle (720° in a four-stroke, 360° in a two-stroke).

6. Retarder (mechanical engineering) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retarder_(mechanical...

   Exhaust brakes are simpler in operation than an engine brake.Essentially, the exhaust pipe of the vehicle is restricted by a valve.This raises the pressure in the exhaust system, forcing the engine to work harder on the exhaust stroke of its cylinders, so again the engine is acting as an air compressor, with the power required to compress the air being withheld from the exhaust pipe, retarding ...

7. Master cylinder - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_cylinder

   The most common vehicle uses of master cylinders are in brake and clutch systems.. In brake systems, the operated devices are cylinders inside brake calipers and/or drum brakes; these cylinders may be called wheel cylinders or slave cylinders, and they push the brake pads towards a surface that rotates with the wheel (this surface is typically either a drum or a disc, a.k.a. a rotor) until the ...