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A photoplethysmogram (PPG) is an optically obtained plethysmogram that can be used to detect blood volume changes in the microvascular bed of tissue. [1] [2] A PPG is often obtained by using a pulse oximeter which illuminates the skin and measures changes in light absorption. [3]
The PPGV was found to be useful in detecting blood loss by observing the spectral features of the PPGV. [3] [4] [5] LF power, together with other features derived from the PPG waveform, was used to classify patients into different ranges of systemic vascular resistance, which may be used as an indicator of critical illness. [6]
Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is a technique used to characterize the surface of crystalline materials. RHEED systems gather information only from the surface layer of the sample, which distinguishes RHEED from other materials characterization methods that also rely on diffraction of high-energy electrons.
A man undergoing whole body plethysmography. A modern body plethysmograph using ultrasound. A plethysmograph is an instrument for measuring changes in volume within an organ or whole body (usually resulting from fluctuations in the amount of blood or air it contains).
Spatial light modulators can be either reflective or transmissive depending on their design and purpose. [4] DMDs, short for digital micromirror devices, are spatial light modulators that specifically work with binary amplitude-only modulation. [5] [6] Each pixel on the SLM can only be in one of two states: "on" or "off". The main purpose of ...
In a distribution, full width at half maximum (FWHM) is the difference between the two values of the independent variable at which the dependent variable is equal to half of its maximum value. In other words, it is the width of a spectrum curve measured between those points on the y -axis which are half the maximum amplitude.
Diagram showing vectors used to define the BRDF. All vectors are unit length. points toward the light source. points toward the viewer (camera). is the surface normal.. The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), symbol (,), is a function of four real variables that defines how light from a source is reflected off an opaque surface. It is employed in the optics of real-world ...
The decadic absorbance of a scattering sample is defined as −log 10 (R+T) or −log 10 (1−A). For a non scattering sample, R = 0, and the expression becomes −log 10 T or log( 1 / T ), which is more familiar. In a non-scattering sample, the absorbance has the property that the numerical value is proportional to sample thickness.