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The fear-avoidance model (or FA model) is a psychiatric model that describes how individuals develop and maintain chronic musculoskeletal pain as a result of attentional processes and avoidant behavior based on pain-related fear. [1] [2] [3] Introduced by Lethem et al. in 1983, this model helped explain how these individuals experience pain ...
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fear or reluctance of making or taking telephone calls Teratophobia fear of giving birth to a monster [38] or a disfigured foetus [39] Tetraphobia: fear of the number 4: Thalassophobia: fear of the sea, or fear of being in the ocean: Thanatophobia: fear of dying, a synonym of death anxiety; not to be confused with necrophobia: Thermophobia
The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is an inventory for personality traits devised by Cloninger et al. [1] It is closely related to and an outgrowth of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), and it has also been related to the dimensions of personality in Zuckerman's alternative five and Eysenck's models [2] and those of the five factor model.
When designing an exposure hierarchy, therapists first conduct a thorough assessment of their client's fear with particular attention to the (a) feared object or situation, (b) feared consequences of confronting the object, (c) fear-related avoidance or safety behaviors, and (d) triggers and contexts of the fear. [3]
A popular example is Paul Ekman and his colleagues' cross-cultural study of 1992, in which they concluded that the six basic emotions are anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. [2] Ekman explains that there are particular characteristics attached to each of these emotions, allowing them to be expressed in varying degrees in a ...
The extended parallel process model (EPPM) is a fear appeal theory developed by communications scholar Kim Witte that illustrates how individuals react to fear-inducing messages. [1] Witte subsequently published an initial test of the model in Communication Monographs. [2]
The following diagnostic systems and rating scales are used in psychiatry and clinical psychology.This list is by no means exhaustive or complete. For instance, in the category of depression, there are over two dozen depression rating scales that have been developed in the past eighty years.