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The transport of the material may be either mechanical or chemical. The process of deposition of illuvium is termed illuviation. [1] It is a water-assisted transport in a basically vertical direction, as compared to alluviation, the horizontal running water transfer. The resulting deposits are called illuvial deposits.
Iron oxides and clay minerals accumulate as a result of weathering. In soil, where substances move down from the topsoil, this is the layer where they accumulate. The process of accumulation of clay minerals, iron, aluminum, and organic compounds, is referred to as illuviation. The B horizon has generally a soil structure.
Cutans are the modification of the soil texture, or soil structure, at natural surfaces (particle, pore, or ped) in soil materials due to illuviation.Cutans are oriented deposits [1] which can be composed of any of the component substances of the soil material. [2]
The subsoil is the depth where these weathering products accumulate. The accumulation of clay minerals, iron, aluminum, and organic compounds is called illuviation. Whereas the topsoil tends to be the depth of greatest physical, chemical, and biological activity, the subsoil is the depth of most deposition.
In geology, eluvium or eluvial deposits are geological deposits and soils that are derived by in situ weathering or weathering plus gravitational movement or accumulation.. The process of removal of materials from geological or soil horizons is called eluviation or leaching.
B: always, receives Fe and Al through illuviation C: common In soil science , podzols , also known as podosols , spodosols , or espodossolos , are the typical soils of coniferous or boreal forests and also the typical soils of eucalypt forests and heathlands in southern Australia.
Surplus water percolating through the soil profile transports soluble and suspended materials from the upper layers to the lower layers (illuviation), including clay particles [47] and dissolved organic matter. [48] It may also carry away soluble materials in the surface drainage waters. Thus, percolating water stimulates weathering reactions ...
Conversely, on a shallower slope at the top or bottom of a catena, soils are thicker and deeper. In addition, the top facets lose materials such as mineral salts when these are washed out by rain , while the bottom facets gain materials when these are washed in (illuviation). [10] [11]