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An oroantral fistula (OAF) is an epithelialized oroantral communication (OAC), which refers to an abnormal connection between the oral cavity and the antrum. [1] The creation of an OAC is most commonly due to the extraction of a maxillary tooth (typically a maxillary first molar ) which is closely related to the antral floor.
An OAC that is smaller than 2mm can heal spontaneously i.e. closure of the opening. [11] Those that are larger than 2mm have a higher chance of developing into oro-antral fistula (OAF). [11] The passage is only defined as an OAF if it is persistent and lined by epithelium. [11]
The palatal lift however, is used when there is not enough palatal movement. It raises the palate and reduces the range of movement necessary to provide adequate closure to separate the nasal cavity from the oral cavity. Speech bulbs and palatal lifts aid in velopharyngeal closure and do not obturate a fistula. A speech bulb, yet another type ...
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart.Some flow is a normal condition both pre-birth and immediately post-birth via the foramen ovale; however, when this does not naturally close after birth it is referred to as a patent (open) foramen ovale (PFO).
Xray showing a sinus lift in the left upper jaw Sinus lift surgery, 3D Illustration. Maxillary sinus floor augmentation [1] (also known as a sinus lift, sinus graft, sinus augmentation, or sinus procedure) is a surgical procedure that aims to increase the amount of bone in the posterior maxilla, in the area of the premolar and molar teeth by lifting the lower sinus membrane and placing a bone ...
Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO), also referred to as left atrial appendage closure (LAAC), is a procedure used to reduce the risk of blood clots from the left atrial appendage entering the bloodstream and causing a stroke in those with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.
Treatment of VCD often combines behavioral, medical, and psychological approaches, most often including an otolaryngologist, a psychologist, and a speech-language pathologist. [1] Although information on the incidence and prevalence of VCD is limited, it is known to occur most frequently in young women.
Oral–antral communication [ edit ] A variant of the Valsalva maneuver is used to aid diagnosis of oral–antral communication, i.e., the existence of a connection between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus .