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Propofol [7] is the active component of an intravenous anesthetic formulation used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It is chemically termed 2,6-diisopropylphenol. It is chemically termed 2,6-diisopropylphenol.
It is used for a variety of surgical procedures and for various reasons. Like regular anesthesia , twilight anesthesia is designed to help a patient feel more comfortable and to minimize pain associated with the procedure being performed and to allow the medical practitioner to practice without interruptions.
In 1983, a lipid emulsion formulation of propofol was available, which carried great potential during clinical trials. [8] It was licensed for use in Europe in 1986 and received FDA approval in the US in 1989. [1] Propofol is now used worldwide with a well-defined pharmacological profile for a variety of medical uses.
Propofol is standard care for most colonoscopies in the United States. For some patients, including gender nonconforming or trans patients or those who have experienced medical or sexual trauma ...
Other intravenous anesthetic drugs such as midazolam or propofol may be used. [1] [2] Drug-induced comas are used to protect the brain during major neurosurgery, as a last line of treatment in certain cases of status epilepticus that have not responded to other treatments, [2] and in refractory intracranial hypertension following traumatic ...
Commonly used intravenous induction agents include propofol, sodium thiopental, etomidate, methohexital, and ketamine. Inhalational anaesthesia may be chosen when intravenous access is difficult to obtain (e.g., children), when difficulty maintaining the airway is anticipated, or when the patient prefers it.
Fospropofol is metabolized in the liver by alkaline phosphatases to propofol, formaldehyde, and phosphate.The hepatic metabolism of this prodrug to an active metabolite means that peak plasma levels of propofol after the administration of a bolus of fospropofol are lower than for an equipotent dose of propofol and also that its clinical effect is more sustained.
Propofol is also painful when administered intravenously, therefore, lidocaine is commonly used as a pretreatment to help decrease the pain associated with administering propofol. [ dubious – discuss ] Additionally, it [ clarification needed ] has antiemetic properties that are also useful in these types of procedures.