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Mesenchyme (/ ˈ m ɛ s ə n k aɪ m ˈ m iː z ən-/ [1]) is a type of loosely organized animal embryonic connective tissue of undifferentiated cells that give rise to most tissues, such as skin, blood or bone. [2] [3] The interactions between mesenchyme and epithelium help to form nearly every organ in the developing embryo. [4]
The mesenchyme that will form the dermis is derived from three sources: The mesenchyme that forms the dermis in the limbs and body wall derives from the lateral plate mesoderm; The mesenchyme that forms the dermis in the back derives from paraxial mesoderm; The mesenchyme that forms the dermis in the face and neck derives from neural crest ...
Intermediate mesoderm or intermediate mesenchyme is a narrow section of the mesoderm (one of the three primary germ layers) located between the paraxial mesoderm and the lateral plate of the developing embryo. [1] The intermediate mesoderm develops into vital parts of the urogenital system (kidneys, gonads and respective tracts).
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells, are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue).
Mesenchyme is a type of connective tissue found in developing organs of embryos that is capable of differentiation into all types of mature connective tissue. [24] Another type of relatively undifferentiated connective tissue is the mucous connective tissue known as Wharton's jelly , found inside the umbilical cord .
A stem cell possesses two properties: . Self-renewal is the ability to go through numerous cycles of cell division while still maintaining its undifferentiated state. Stem cells can replicate several times and can result in the formation of two stem cells, one stem cell more differentiated than the other, or two differentiated cells.
The AEF potentially functions as an inhibitor to fin outgrowth since removing the AEF results in the formation of a new AER and subsequently a new AEF. In addition, repeated AF removal leads to excessive elongation of the fin mesenchyme, potentially because of prolonged exposure of AER signals to the fin mesenchyme. [ 16 ]
The zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) is an area of mesenchyme that contains signals which instruct the developing limb bud to form along the anterior/posterior axis. Limb bud is undifferentiated mesenchyme enclosed by an ectoderm covering. Eventually, the limb bud develops into bones, tendons, muscles and joints.