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  2. Mesopic vision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopic_vision

    Mesopic vision, sometimes also called twilight vision, is a combination of photopic and scotopic vision under low-light (but not necessarily dark) conditions. [1] Mesopic levels range approximately from 0.01 to 3.0 cd/m 2 in luminance. Most nighttime outdoor and street lighting conditions are in the mesopic range. [2]

  3. Visual perception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_perception

    There were two major ancient Greek schools, providing a primitive explanation of how vision works. The first was the "emission theory" of vision which maintained that vision occurs when rays emanate from the eyes and are intercepted by visual objects. If an object was seen directly it was by 'means of rays' coming out of the eyes and again ...

  4. Scotopic vision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotopic_vision

    Mesopic vision occurs in intermediate lighting conditions (luminance level 10 −3 to 10 0.5 cd/m 2) [citation needed] and is effectively a combination of scotopic and photopic vision. This gives inaccurate visual acuity and color discrimination. In normal light (luminance level 10 to 10 8 cd/m 2), the vision of cone cells dominates and is ...

  5. Purkinje effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purkinje_effect

    An animated sequence of simulated appearances of a red flower (of a zonal geranium) and background foliage under photopic, mesopic, and scotopic conditions. The Purkinje effect or Purkinje phenomenon (Czech: [ˈpurkɪɲɛ] ⓘ; sometimes called the Purkinje shift, often pronounced / p ər ˈ k ɪ n dʒ i /) [1] is the tendency for the peak luminance sensitivity of the eye to shift toward the ...

  6. Psychology Today - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_Today

    Psychology Today content and its therapist directory are found in 20 countries worldwide. [3] Psychology Today's therapist directory is the most widely used [4] and allows users to sort therapists by location, insurance, types of therapy, price, and other characteristics. It also has a Spanish-language website.

  7. Photometry (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photometry_(optics)

    Photopic vision is characteristic of the eye's response at luminance levels over three candela per square metre. Scotopic vision occurs below 2 × 10 −5 cd/m 2. Mesopic vision occurs between these limits and is not well characterised for spectral response. [2] [1]

  8. Luminous efficiency function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous_efficiency_function

    Luminosity for mesopic vision, a wide transitioning band between scotopic and phototic vision, is more poorly standardized. The consensus is that this luminous efficiency can be written as a weighted average of scotopic and mesopic luminosities, but different organizations provide different weighting factors.

  9. Duplex retina - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplex_retina

    Most vertebrates exhibit duplex retinas, including all major classes: mammals, birds, reptiles, bony fish, etc. However, some sub-clades will have evolved from the common vertebrate ancestor to lose one of the visual systems and develop a simplex retina, often called a pure-rod or pure-cone retina. [4]