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A data set which describes the global average of the Earth's surface curvature is called the mean Earth Ellipsoid. It refers to a theoretical coherence between the geographic latitude and the meridional curvature of the geoid. The latter is close to the mean sea level, and therefore an ideal Earth ellipsoid has the same volume as the geoid.
Offline since April 2010, replaced by NASA Skywatch web application. [4] NASA Skywatch, Java based web application. Predicts visible passes for spacecraft, satellites and space debris. [5] AMSAT Online Satellite Pass Predictions. N2YO provides real time tracking and pass predictions with orbital paths and footprints overlaid on Google Maps. [6]
The two straight-line distances from any point on the map to the two control points are correct. 2021 Gott, Goldberg and Vanderbei’s Azimuthal Equidistant J. Richard Gott, Dave Goldberg and Robert J. Vanderbei: Gott, Goldberg and Vanderbei’s double-sided disk map was designed to minimize all six types of map distortions.
In cartography, a conformal map projection is one in which every angle between two curves that cross each other on Earth (a sphere or an ellipsoid) is preserved in the image of the projection; that is, the projection is a conformal map in the mathematical sense. For example, if two roads cross each other at a 39° angle, their images on a map ...
The curvature of the Earth is evident in the horizon across the image, and the bases of the buildings on the far shore are below that horizon and hidden by the sea. The simplest model for the shape of the entire Earth is a sphere. The Earth's radius is the distance from Earth's center to its surface, about 6,371 km (3,959 mi). While "radius ...
where R is evaluated from Earth's azimuthal radius of curvature and h are ellipsoidal heights are each point. The first term on the right-hand side of the equation accounts for the mean elevation and the second term for the inclination. A further reduction of the above Earth normal section length to the ellipsoidal geodesic length is often ...
Schuler tuning is a design principle for inertial navigation systems that accounts for the curvature of the Earth. An inertial navigation system, used in submarines, ships, aircraft, and other vehicles to keep track of position, determines directions with respect to three axes pointing "north", "east", and "down".
On an ellipsoid of revolution, for short meridian arcs, their length can be approximated using the Earth's meridional radius of curvature and the circular arc formulation. For longer arcs, the length follows from the subtraction of two meridian distances , the distance from the equator to a point at a latitude φ .