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A camless or free-valve piston engine is an engine that has poppet valves operated by means of electromagnetic, hydraulic, or pneumatic [1] actuators instead of conventional cams. Actuators can be used to both open and close valves, or to open valves closed by springs or other means.
Engine speed (RPM) is also used to determine where on a look up table to determine fuelling, hence speed-density (engine speed / air density). The MAP sensor can also be used in OBD II (on-board diagnostics) applications to test the EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) valve for functionality, an application typical in OBD II equipped General Motors ...
A crossflow T-head sidevalve engine The usual L-head arrangement Pop-up pistons may be used to increase compression ratio Flathead with Ricardo's turbulent head. A flathead engine, also known as a sidevalve engine [1] [2] or valve-in-block engine, is an internal combustion engine with its poppet valves contained within the engine block, instead of in the cylinder head, as in an overhead valve ...
A valve job is the colloquial term for resurfacing the mating surfaces of the poppet valves and their respective valve seats that control the intake and exhaust of the air/fuel mixture in four stroke internal combustion engine, replacing valve oil seals, replacing any deficient valve springs, and otherwise bringing the components of a cylinder head up to manufacturer’s spec. [1] A ...
Carbon build-up in the intake manifold will occur when blow-by gases are allowed to permanently contaminate the intake air because of a failing PCV system. [12] Carbon build-up or oil sludge from blow-by gases on intake valves are usually not a problem in port injected engines. This is due to the fact that the fuel hits the intake valves on the ...
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is the pressure in the lungs (alveolar pressure) above atmospheric pressure (the pressure outside of the body) that exists at the end of expiration. [1] The two types of PEEP are extrinsic PEEP (PEEP applied by a ventilator) and intrinsic PEEP (PEEP caused by an incomplete exhalation).
A serious issue with large single-sleeve aero-engines is that their maximum reliable rotational speed is limited to about 3,000 RPM, but the M Hewland car engine was raced above 10,000 rpm without toil. Improved fuel octane, above about 87 RON, have assisted poppet-valve engines’ power output more than to the single-sleeve engines’.
Engine controls demand one of the highest real-time deadlines, as the engine itself is a very fast and complex part of the automobile. Of all the electronics in any car, the computing power of the engine control unit is the highest, typically a 32-bit processor. [citation needed] A modern car may have up to 100 ECU's and a commercial vehicle up ...