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Poseidon (/ p ə ˈ s aɪ d ən, p ɒ-, p oʊ-/; [1] Ancient Greek: Ποσειδῶν) is one of the twelve Olympians in ancient Greek religion and mythology, presiding over the sea, storms, earthquakes and horses. [2] He was the protector of seafarers and the guardian of many Hellenic cities and colonies.
The Panathenaic festival was formed in order to honor the goddess Athena who had become the patron of Athens after having a competition with the god Poseidon where they were to win the favor of the Athenian people by offering the people gifts. The festival would also bring unity among the people of Athens. [3]
The Erechtheion [2] (/ ɪ ˈ r ɛ k θ i ə n /, latinized as Erechtheum / ɪ ˈ r ɛ k θ i ə m, ˌ ɛ r ɪ k ˈ θ iː ə m /; Ancient Greek: Ἐρέχθειον, Greek: Ερέχθειο) or Temple of Athena Polias [3] is an ancient Greek Ionic temple on the north side of the Acropolis, Athens, which was primarily dedicated to the goddess Athena.
Athenians of the Classical age were aware that the festival was of great antiquity; Walter Burkert points out that the mythic reflection of this is the Attic founder-king Theseus' release of Ariadne to Dionysus, [3] but this is no longer considered a dependable sign that the festival had been celebrated in the Minoan period. Since the festival ...
The pediments of the Parthenon included many statues. The one to the west had a little more than the one to the east. [8] In the description of the Acropolis of Athens by Pausanias, a sentence informs about the chosen themes: the quarrel between Athena and Poseidon for Attica in the west and the birth of Athena in the east.
They were originally made at the Temple of Athena in Argos, but were given to the Athenian Treasury as a mark of respect. Because Athens was a superpower at the time, many city-states paid it for protection. [2] The treasury was not only an offering to the gods, but a statement of their power, showing off arms, statuettes, and other pottery.
The main purpose of the festival was for Athenians and non-Athenians to celebrate the goddess Athena. [2] Every four years, the festival was celebrated in a larger manner over a longer time period with increased festivities and was known as the Great (or Greater ) Panathenaea . [ 1 ]
Frontal view of the statue in its current location in room 30 of NAMA ( in the background) The Poseidon of Melos (Ancient Greek: Ποσειδῶν τῆς Μήλου) is a statue of Poseidon in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens (NAMA), with an inventory number 235, which is dated to the last quarter of the second century BC, thus to the Hellenistic Period.