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Edward John Mostyn Bowlby (/ ˈ b oʊ l b i /; 26 February 1907 – 2 September 1990) was a British psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst, notable for his interest in child development and for his pioneering work in attachment theory. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Bowlby as the 49th most cited psychologist of the ...
The most influential figure for the idea of the internal working model of attachment is Bowlby, who laid the groundwork for the concept in the 1960s. He was inspired by both psychoanalysis, especially object relations theory, and more recent research into ethology, evolution and information-processing.
Whilst Bowlby's early writings on maternal deprivation may be seen as part of the background to the later development of attachment theory, there are many significant differences between the two. At the time of the 1951 publication, there was little research in this area and no comprehensive theory on the development of early relationships. [ 5 ]
Research by developmental psychologist Mary Ainsworth in the 1960s and 70s expanded on Bowlby's work, introducing the concept of the "secure base", impact of maternal responsiveness and sensitivity to infant distress, and identified attachment patterns in infants: secure, avoidant, anxious, and disorganized attachment.
Although in the early days Bowlby was criticised by academic psychologists and ostracised by the psychoanalytic community, [2] attachment theory has become the dominant approach to understanding early social development and given rise to a great surge of empirical research into the formation of children's close relationships. [3]
John Bowlby, a British psychoanalyst, is credited with establishing attachment theory. From about 1930 to the 1950's, Bowlby and others worked on building the foundations to understand that a child is impacted by their caregiving environment. He elegantly integrated those efforts with his ideas and incorporated several other disciplines to ...
Bowlby described what is likely to happen if such a case occurs, "Whenever the natural object of attachment behavior is unavailable, the behavior can become directed towards some substitute object. Even though it is inanimate, such an object frequently appears capable of filling the role of an important, though subsidiary, attachment 'figure.'
John Bowlby (1907–1990), British developmental psychologist, son of Anthony Alfred Bowlby; Ronald Anthony Bowlby (1926-2019), Anglican Bishop of Southwark 1980-1991; Thomas William Bowlby (1818–1860), correspondent to The Times; Ward Hamilton Bowlby (1834–1917), Canadian lawyer and politician; April Bowlby (born 1980), American actor