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Haglund's deformity was first described by Patrick Haglund in 1927. It is also known as retrocalcaneal exostosis, Mulholland deformity, and ‘pump bump.' It is a very common clinical condition, but still poorly understood. Haglund's deformity is an abnormality of the bone and soft tissues in the foot.
The considerations that affect plantar heel pain are the alignment of the foot with lower leg, foot and ankle mobility, strength and endurance of muscle. External influences on plantar heel pain are the amount of time spent on feet while exercising or standing, type of footwear used and type of floor surfaces.
Evidence for exostosis found in the fossil record is studied by paleopathologists, specialists in ancient disease and injury. Exostosis has been reported in dinosaur fossils from several species, including Acrocanthosaurus atokensis, Albertosaurus sarcophagus, Allosaurus fragilis, Gorgosaurus libratus, and Poekilopleuron bucklandii. [4]
Subungual exostosis is a type of non-cancerous bone tumor of the chondrogenic type, and consists of bone and cartilage. [2] It usually projects from the upper surface of the big toe underlying the nailbed, giving rise to a painful swelling that destroys the nail. [3] Subsequent ulceration and infection may occur. [3]
Hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO), also known as hereditary multiple exostoses, is a disorder characterized by the development of multiple benign osteocartilaginous masses in relation to the ends of long bones of the lower limbs such as the femurs and tibias and of the upper limbs such as the humeri and forearm bones.
Osteochondroma is the most common benign tumor of bone. [1] [2] The tumors take the form of cartilage-capped bony projections or outgrowth on the surface of bones ().[3] [4] It is characterized as a type of overgrowth that can occur in any bone where cartilage forms bone.
It may lead to exostosis. It occurs in many musculoskeletal disorders and from use of drugs like Isotretinoin. [1] Disorders featuring hyperostosis include: [2] Camurati-Engelmann disease, type 2; Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, primary, autosomal recessive, 2; Melorheostosis; Tumoral calcinosis, hyperphosphatemic, familial, 1; Worth disease
X-ray showing osteophytes of spondylosis of the lumbar spine. A range of bone-formation processes are associated with aging, degeneration, mechanical instability, and disease (such as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis).