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A rare-earth mineral contains one or more rare-earth elements as major metal constituents. Rare-earth minerals are usually found in association with alkaline to peralkaline igneous magmas in pegmatites or with carbonatite intrusives. Perovskite mineral phases are common hosts to rare-earth elements within the alkaline complexes.
Diagram as published by McKelvey in 1973 [1] Diagram as published by McKelvey in 1976 [2]. A McKelvey diagram or McKelvey box is a visual representation used to describe a natural resource such as a mineral or fossil fuel, based on the geologic certainty of its presence and its economic potential for recovery.
Mineral physics is the science of materials that compose the interior of planets, particularly the Earth. It overlaps with petrophysics , which focuses on whole-rock properties. It provides information that allows interpretation of surface measurements of seismic waves , gravity anomalies , geomagnetic fields and electromagnetic fields in terms ...
India's major mineral resources include coal (4th largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese ore (7th largest reserve in the world as in 2013), lithium ore (6th largest reserve in the world as in 2023), [6] mica, bauxite (5th largest reserve in the world as in 2013), [7] chromite, natural gas, diamonds, limestone and thorium.
Renamed first as ‘Raw Materials Division’ and then as ‘Atomic Minerals Division’ in 1958, it was shifted to Hyderabad in 1974. [1] On 29 July 1998 it underwent the latest name change as 'Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research' to assert its status as a premier geological exploration and research organisation.
They have similar physical and chemical properties, and tend to occur together in the same mineral deposits. [2] However, they can be further subdivided into the iridium-group platinum-group elements (IPGEs: Os, Ir, Ru) and the palladium-group platinum-group elements (PPGEs: Rh, Pt, Pd) based on their behaviour in geological systems.
Geophysics is applied to societal needs, such as mineral resources, mitigation of natural hazards and environmental protection. [4] In exploration geophysics , geophysical survey data are used to analyze potential petroleum reservoirs and mineral deposits, locate groundwater, find archaeological relics, determine the thickness of glaciers and ...
This is a list of free and open-source software for geological data handling and interpretation. The list is split into broad categories, depending on the intended use of the software and its scope of functionality. Notice that 'free and open-source' requires that the source code is available and users are given a free software license.