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The angiotensin converting enzyme gene has more than 160 polymorphisms described as of 2018. [24] Studies have shown that different genotypes of angiotensin converting enzyme can lead to varying influence on athletic performance. [25] [26] However, these data should be interpreted with caution due to the relatively small size of the ...
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are a class of medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure. [1] [2] This class of medicine works by causing relaxation of blood vessels as well as a decrease in blood volume, which leads to lower blood pressure and decreased oxygen demand from the heart.
Membrane bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (mACE2) is a zinc-containing metalloenzyme located on the surface of intestinal enterocytes, renal tubular cells and other cells. [6] [17] mACE2 protein contains an N-terminal peptidase M2 domain and a C-terminal collectrin renal amino acid transporter domain. [17]
ACE inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are often used to reduce the formation of the more potent angiotensin II. Captopril is an example of an ACE inhibitor. ACE cleaves a number of other peptides, and in this capacity is an important regulator of the kinin–kallikrein system , as such blocking ACE can lead to side effects.
Antihypertensive agents are classified according to their mechanism of actions. The most common classes prescribed are diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and beta-blockers. Antihyperlipidemic agents most often prescribed are statins, ezetimibe and ...
High concentrations of Angiotensin II can constrict the glomerular mesangium, reducing the area for glomerular filtration. Angiotensin II is a sensitizer to tubuloglomerular feedback, preventing an excessive rise in GFR. Angiotensin II causes the local release of prostaglandins, which, in turn, antagonize renal vasoconstriction.
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It is in the angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor family of medications. [5] Enalapril was patented in 1978, and came into medical use in 1984. [7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [8] In 2022, it was the 141st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million ...