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Zinc fingers help read DNA sequences.. Zinc is an essential trace element for humans [1] [2] [3] and other animals, [4] for plants [5] and for microorganisms. [6] Zinc is required for the function of over 300 enzymes and 1000 transcription factors, [3] and is stored and transferred in metallothioneins.
Zinc pyrithione (or pyrithione zinc) is a coordination complex of zinc. It has fungistatic (inhibiting the division of fungal cells) and bacteriostatic (inhibiting bacterial cell division) properties and is used in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis [ 2 ] and dandruff .
In molecular biology, zinc-dependent phospholipases C is a family of bacterial phospholipases C enzymes, some of which are also known as alpha toxins.. Bacillus cereus contains a monomeric phospholipase C EC 3.1.4.3 (PLC) of 245 amino-acid residues.
The succinate dehydrogenase complex showing several cofactors, including flavin, iron–sulfur centers, and heme.. A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's role as a catalyst (a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction).
All of these arrangements are modified to function both in the sense of reactivity and the positioning of the protein in the cell. Iron can have various redox and spin states, and it can be held in many stereochemistries. [15] Coenzyme F430 – Theorized as the first occurrence of nickel in biological systems
Zinc finger. The zinc ion (green) is coordinated by two histidine residues and two cysteine residues. Many transcription factors contain a structure known as a zinc finger, a structural module in which a region of protein folds around a zinc ion. The zinc does not directly contact the DNA that these proteins bind to.
Similarly, it has been demonstrated that zinc chelators can inhibit the hydrolytic activity of metallo-β-lactamases against β-lactam antibiotics, restoring the activity of the latter. [6] Metallo-beta-lactamases are important enzymes because they are involved in the breakdown of antibiotics by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. [7]
Bromine compounds are very common in and presumably essential to a variety of marine organisms, including bacteria, fungi, seaweeds, and diatoms. [25] [26] Most marine organobromine compounds are made by the action of a unique algal enzyme, vanadium bromoperoxidase [27] Toxic in excessive concentrations, causing the human disease bromism ...