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The forearm is the region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist. [1] The term forearm is used in anatomy to distinguish it from the arm, a word which is used to describe the entire appendage of the upper limb, but which in anatomy, technically, means only the region of the upper arm, whereas the lower "arm" is called the forearm.
There are generally twelve muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm, which can be further divided into superficial, intermediate, and deep. Most of the muscles in the superficial and the intermediate layers share a common origin which is the outer part of the elbow, the lateral epicondyle of humerus.
Most of the large number of muscles in the forearm are divided into the wrist, hand, and finger extensors on the dorsal side (back of hand) and the ditto flexors in the superficial layers on the ventral side (side of palm). These muscles are attached to either the lateral or medial epicondyle of the humerus. They thus act on the elbow, but ...
The median nerve enters the forearm between the two heads of the muscle, and is separated from the ulnar artery by the ulnar head. The muscle passes obliquely across the forearm, and ends in a flat tendon, which is inserted into a rough impression at the middle of the lateral surface of the body of the radius , just distal to the insertion of ...
It is considered an extrinsic hand muscle because it acts on the hand while its muscle belly is located in the forearm. Together the flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus, and flexor digitorum profundus form the deep layer of ventral forearm muscles. [2] The muscle is named from Latin 'deep bender of the fingers'.
The mobile wad (or mobile wad of Henry) is a group of the following three muscles found in the lateral compartment of the forearm: [1] brachioradialis; extensor carpi radialis brevis; extensor carpi radialis longus; It is also sometimes known as the "wad of three", [2] "lateral compartment", [3] or "radial group" [4] of the forearm.
The English form bicep, attested from 1939, is a back formation derived from misinterpreting the s of biceps as the English plural marker -s. [24] [25] Adriaan van den Spiegel called the biceps a Pisciculus) [26] due to its fusiform shape, which is why in the Italian-language medical literature it is sometimes called il pescetto, "the small fish".
The extrinsic muscle groups are the long flexors and extensors. They are called extrinsic because the muscle belly is located on the forearm. The intrinsic group are the smaller muscles located within the hand itself. The muscles of the hand are innervated by the radial, median, and ulnar nerves from the brachial plexus. [1]