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The early modern human vocal apparatus is generally thought to have been the same as that in present-day humans, as the present-day variation of the FOXP2 gene associated with the neurological prerequisites for speech and language ability seems to have evolved within the last 100,000 years, [124] and the modern human hyoid bone (which supports ...
The early fossils shown are not considered ancestors to Homo sapiens but are closely related to ancestors and are therefore important to the study of the lineage. After 1.5 million years ago (extinction of Paranthropus ), all fossils shown are human (genus Homo ).
Eastern Europe H. erectus (associated) Stone tools, hominin remains, cut marks on bone Pirro Nord [49] 1.3-1.6 [50] Italy Western Europe Stone tools Sterkfontein Member 5 [51] 1.1-1.6 South Africa Southern Africa Stone tools, Homo and Paranthropus remains Barranco León [52] 1.2-1.4 Spain Western Europe Stone tools, animal bones, bone flakes
An artist's rendering of a temporary wood house, based on evidence found at Terra Amata (in Nice, France) and dated to the Lower Paleolithic (c. 400,000 BP) [5]. The oldest evidence of human occupation in Eastern Europe comes from the Kozarnika cave in Bulgaria where a single human tooth and flint artifacts have been dated to at least 1.4 million years ago.
In the early Miocene, Europe had a subtropical climate and was intermittently connected to Africa by land bridges. At the same time, Africa was becoming more arid, prompting the dispersal of its tropical fauna—including primates—north into Europe. [6] Apes first appear in the European fossil record 17 million years ago with Griphopithecus. [7]
Until 2013 with the discovery of the 1.4-million-year-old infant tooth from Barranco León, Orce, Spain, these were the oldest human fossils known from Europe, [25] although human activity on the continent stretches back as early as 1.6 million years ago in Eastern Europe and Spain indicated by stone tools. [26]
The genetic history of Europe has been inferred by observing the patterns of genetic diversity across the continent and in the surrounding areas. Use has been made of both classical genetics and molecular genetics. [73] [74] Analysis of the DNA of the modern population of Europe has mainly been used but use has also been made of ancient DNA.
The oldest human remains in Britain have been discovered on the site, fossils of Homo heidelbergensis dating to 500,000 years ago. [2] Boxgrove is also one of the oldest sites in Europe with direct evidence of hunting and butchering by early humans.