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A dihydroxyanthraquinone is any of several isomeric organic compounds with formula (C 12 H 6 (OH) 2)(CO) 2, formally derived from 9,10-anthraquinone by replacing two hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl groups. Dihyroxyantraquinones have been studied since the early 1900s, and include some compounds of historical and current importance.
Eukaryotic translation is the biological process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in eukaryotes. It consists of four phases: initiation, elongation, termination, and recapping. It consists of four phases: initiation, elongation, termination, and recapping.
1,5-Dihydroxyanthraquinone is an organic compound with the formula (C 6 H 3 OH) 2 (CO) 2. It is one of several isomers of dihydroxyanthraquinone . An orange solid, it is a component of traditional Chinese medications. [ 3 ]
The energy required for translation of proteins is significant. For a protein containing n amino acids, the number of high-energy phosphate bonds required to translate it is 4 n -1. [ 9 ] The rate of translation varies; it is significantly higher in prokaryotic cells (up to 17–21 amino acid residues per second) than in eukaryotic cells (up to ...
The ability of the Kozak sequence to optimize translation can result in novel initiation codons in the typically untranslated region of the 5′ (5′ UTR) end of the mRNA transcript. A G to A mutation was described by Bohlen et al. (2017) in a Kozak-like region in the SOX9 gene that created a new translation initiation codon in an out-of-frame ...
Typical structure of a mature eukaryotic mRNA. Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to an RNA transcript, typically a messenger RNA (mRNA). The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases.
Phosphorylation is highly effective for controlling the enzyme activity and is the most common change after translation. [ 2 ] Many eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins also have carbohydrate molecules attached to them in a process called glycosylation , which can promote protein folding and improve stability as well as serving regulatory functions.
Eukaryotic translation termination factor 1 (eRF1), also referred to as TB3-1 or SUP45L1, is a protein that is encoded by the ERF1 gene. In Eukaryotes, eRF1 is an essential protein involved in stop codon recognition in translation , termination of translation, and nonsense mediated mRNA decay via the SURF complex.