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Costochondritis, also known as chest wall pain syndrome or costosternal syndrome, is a benign inflammation of the upper costochondral (rib to cartilage) and sternocostal (cartilage to sternum) joints. 90% of patients are affected in multiple ribs on a single side, typically at the 2nd to 5th ribs. [1]
Clinical symptoms include a dry, painful cough that worsens at night and may progress to a productive cough, fever, and retrosternal chest pain due to irritation of tracheal mucosa. [22] Lung cancer: Hemoptysis, cough, dyspnea, chest pain, and other constitutional symptoms are commonly seen in lung cancer [23]
[5] [6] Pain and swelling from Tietze syndrome are typically chronic and intermittent and can last from a few days to several weeks. [ 6 ] The most common symptom of Tietze syndrome is pain, primarily in the chest , but can also radiate to the shoulder and arm.
Acute cough: Lasts less than three weeks. Mostly caused by common cold and generally self-resolves without medical intervention, typically within four to seven days for most people.
Pectoralis minor syndrome (PMS) is a condition related to thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) that results from the pectoralis minor muscle being too tight. [1] PMS results from the brachial plexus being compressed under the pectoralis minor [2] while TOS involves compression of the bundle above the clavicle.
Kehr's sign is a classic example of referred pain: irritation of the diaphragm is signaled by the phrenic nerve as pain in the area above the collarbone. This is because the supraclavicular nerves have the same cervical nerves origin as the phrenic nerve, C3, C4, and C5. [citation needed]
TOS can involve only part of the hand (as in the pinky and adjacent half of the ring finger), all of the hand, or the inner aspect of the forearm and upper arm. Pain can also be in the side of the neck, the pectoral area below the clavicle, the armpit/axillary area, and the upper back (i.e., the trapezius and rhomboid area).
A case was reported at the University Hospital of Wales of a young man who had been coughing violently causing a rupture in the esophagus resulting in SE. [5] The cause of spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema was clarified between 1939 and 1944 by Macklin, contributing to the current understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition. [5]