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Coin of Pescennius Niger, a Roman usurper who claimed imperial power AD 193–194. Legend: IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG. While the imperial government of the Roman Empire was rarely called into question during its five centuries in the west and fifteen centuries in the east, individual emperors often faced unending challenges in the form of usurpation and perpetual civil wars. [30]
The Thirty Tyrants (Latin: Tyranni Triginta) were a series of thirty rulers who appear in the Historia Augusta, as having ostensibly been pretenders to the throne of the Roman Empire during the reign of the emperor Gallienus. Given the notorious unreliability of the Historia Augusta, the veracity of this list is debatable.
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Latin Emperor: Holy Roman Empire: 800–1806 Imperator: Holy Roman Emperor: Avar Khaganate: 567–822 Khagan ("Great Khan") Bulgarian Empire 913–1018 1185–1396 Tsar: List of Bulgarian monarchs: Serbian Empire: 1346–1373 Tsar: List of Serbian monarchs: Russian Tsardom: 1547–1721 Tsar: List of Russian monarchs: Russian Empire: 1721–1917 ...
The emperors from the founding of the Dominate in 284, in the West until 476 and in the East until 518, can be organised into one large dynasty plus various unrelated emperors. During most of this periods, though not always, there where two senior emperors ruling in separate courts. This division became permanent after the death of Theodosius I ...
Antoninus Elagabalus (204–222, ruled 218–222) was made emperor as a teenager by conspirators against Macrinus. He proved uncontrollable, indulging himself in sexual orgies and human sacrifice, appointing incompetent favorites to office, and defiling all religions other than his own. [6] Justin II (c. 520 –578, ruled 15 November 565–574).
To medieval Christians, Diocletian was the most loathsome of all Roman emperors. [345] From the 4th century on, Christians would describe the great persecution of Diocletian's reign as a bloodbath. [346] The Liber Pontificalis, a collection of biographies of the popes, alleges 17,000 martyrs within a single thirty-day period. [347]
This is a list of the dynasties that ruled the Roman Empire and its two succeeding counterparts, the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire.Dynasties of states that had claimed legal succession from the Roman Empire are not included in this list.